Best Techniques for Axial Length Measurements ALM Eye Surgery Arizona

  IOL Power Calculations
How to Achieve Accurate Results
IOL Power Calculations
 
IOL Power Calculations Cataract Surgery Arizona
Alcon AcrySof Toric IOL Cataract Surgery Arizona
A-scan Biometry Cataract Surgery Arizona
Bag vs. Sulcus
Corneal Transplantation
Effective Lens Position Cataract Surgery Arizona
Haigis Formula
IOL Calculation Formulas
Limbal Relaxing Incisions
Outcomes Database
Polypseudophakia
Polypseudophakia Calculations
Post Keratorefractive Surgery Cataract Surgery Arizona
Pseudophakia
Pseudophakic CFs
Refractive Vergence Formula
Silicone Oil
Staphyloma
Validation Guidelines
SIA Calculator
Zeiss IOLMaster Zeiss IOLMaster
Disclaimer
Physician Downloads SIA Calculator
Links
References
Special Thanks

Intraocular Lens Power Calculations.

Over the last decade, IOL power calculations have become a focal point of cataract surgery. In 1977, the state-of-the-art for estimating IOL power for emmetropia was to simply add +19.0 D to the pre-cataractous refraction. A decade later, being within±1.00 D of the target refraction was still considered a reasonable standard. The standard for accuracy for normal eyes was more recently addressed in the United Kingdom in the 2006 study: "Benchmark standards for refractive outcomes after NHS cataract surgery." The authors concluded that the "benchmark" standard for refractive outcomes for normal eyes after cataract surgery should be within ±0.50 D for 55% of cases and within ±1.00 D for 85% of cases.1

Today, by carefully optimizing the individual component parts of IOL power calculations, combined with advanced surgical techniques, it is possible to be within ±0.50 D for better than 70 percent of surgeries and ±1.00 D for better than 90% of surgeries.2 By tracking your outcomes, you can see where you are in relation to this published "benchmark" standard.

Cataract Surgery Arizona
Surgically-induced Astigmatism Calculator

Surgically-induced Astigmatism Calculator

Now, there is no need to delve into mathematics. The SIA Calculator removes the task of drawing vectors or looking up sines, cosines and their relatives. Just push a few keystrokes and the job is accurately and speedily done.
Surgically-induced Astigmatism Calculator (SIA Calculator)

Surgically-induced Astigmatism Calculator
Haigis Formula Optimization

Haigis Formula Optimization

Rather than simply move a fixed formula-specific IOL power prediction curve up (more IOL power recommended) or down (less IOL power recommended), the Haigis formula instead uses three constants.
Haigis Formula Optimization Spreadsheet

Haigis Formula Optimization Spreadsheet
IOL Calculation
	Formulas
IOLMaster

IOLMaster

Optical coherence biometry using the Zeiss IOLMaster is a state of the art technique for measuring axial length. By partial coherence interferometry, the IOL Master achieves a level of accuracy and reproducibility never before seen. Here is the IOLMaster Tutorials.

IOLMaster
Best Techniques for Axial Length Measurements ALM

Best Techniques for Axial Length

Measuring axial length with the IOL Master allows a high degree of flexibility. Rather than simply positioning a small, in-focus image in the middle of a set of video screen cross hairs, you can instead maneuver the focusing spot anywhere within the measurement reticule.
Best Techniques for Axial Length

Best Techniques for Axial Length Measurements ALM
Keratometer Measurement

Keratometer Measurement

Very often, the described problems can be traced down to keratometer indices and/or to peculiarities of corneal power implementations in the IOL formulas of the respective instruments. Keratometer Measurement

Keratometer Measurement
IOL Power Formulas

IOL Power Formulas

If you have not done so already, now is the time to incorporate one of the newer theoretic IOL formulas. Follow this link for comparisons of the various IOL power formulas in current use: IOL Power Formulas

IOL Power Formulas
A-scan Biometry

A-scan Biometry

A-Scan Biometry using ultrasound, an important and sometimes challenging preoperative measurement, can be carried out in several ways. In this section, we will compare the advantages of the immersion technique over applanation, and how to improve accuracy.
A-Scan Biometry Using Ultrasound

A-scan Biometry
IOL Power after LASIK, PRK, RK

IOL Power after LASIK, PRK, RK

Prior keratorefractive surgery will make direct measurements for corneal power problematic. Learn how to to estimate the true corneal power following RK, PRK, and LASIK. IOL Power after LASIK, PRK, RK

IOL Power after LASIK, PRK, RK
Cataract Surgery Arizona
 

A-Scan Ultrasound Biometry

A-scan biometry by immersion has better reproducibility, which leads to an overall increase in accuracy. However, all forms of ultrasound based biometry have limitations. Follow the links below for advanced A-Scan biometry techniques to improve your axial length measurements.

A-scan Biometry
Biometry Explained
A-scan Setting
Applanation A-scan
Immersion A-scan
Immersion Vector A/B-scan

Prior Keratorefractive Surgery

Prior keratorefractive surgery will make direct measurements for corneal power problematic. Follow these links to learn how to to estimate the true corneal power following RK, PRK, and LASIK.

Myopic LASIK
Hyperopic LASIK
Radial Keratotomy
Double K Formula Corrections
Hoffer Q Formula
Holladay 1 Formula
SRK/T Formula

ASCRS Post Keratorefractive Calculator

Effective Lens Position (ELPo)
(Anterior Chamber Depth)

Determining the Effective Lens Position (ELPo) for each IOL and each surgeon is an effective way to reduce the prediction error to a minimum. The ELPo allows you to calculate the optimal or "personalized" lens position based on your individual experience with any style lens averaged ideally from at least 20 to 30 cases.

Effective Lens Position (ELPo)
ELP Spreadsheet

Post Myopic LASIK

The following links contain descriptions of several popular IOL power calculation methods as they relate to the various ablative forms of keratorefractive surgery for myopia, such as LASIK and PRK.

Clinical History Method
Contact Lens Method
Corneal Bypass Method
Feiz-Mannis Method
Haigis-L Formula
Latkany Method
Masket Method
Wang Koch Maloney Method
Modified Masket Method
Topographic Central Power
 

Special Thanks
Just about everything on this web site is the result of information and suggestions from others. Many deserve our special thanks for graciously offering their guidance.

 

To know more about these topics, see: References for some references of the material presented above.

1. Gale RP, Saldana M, Johnston RL, Zuberbuhler B, McKibbin M. Benchmark standards for refractive outcomes after NHS cataract surgery. Published on-line in Eye, 24 August 2007.

2. Brändle J in Haigis W: IOL calculation in long and short eyes. In Mastering the Techniques of IOL Power Calculations. Hoyos GA, Dementiev JE (eds), Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2005

IOLMaster Help
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Intraocular Lens Power Calculations

Zeiss IOLMaster User Manual


East Valley Ophthalmology, Arizona's premier eye specialists, provides this on-line information for educational and communication purposes only and it should not be construed as personal medical advice. Information published on this website is not intended to replace, supplant, or augment a consultation with an eye care professional regarding the viewer/user's own medical care. East Valley Ophthalmology's disclaims any and all liability for injury or other damages that could result from use of the information obtained from this site. Please read our full Disclaimer